% language=us runpath=texruns:manuals/libraries

% author    : Hans Hagen
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% for now:

\usemodule[article-basic]
\usemodule[abbreviations-smallcaps]
\usemodule[scite]
\usemodule[ecmascript]

\definecolor
  [maincolor]
  [r=.4]

\definecolor
  [extracolor]
  [g=.4]

\setupbodyfont
  [11pt]

\setuptype
  [color=maincolor]

% \setuptyping
%   [color=maincolor]

\definefontsynonym
  [TitlePageMono]
  [file:lmmonoproplt10-bold*default]

\setuphead
  [color=maincolor]

\usesymbols
  [cc]

\setupinteraction
  [hidden]

\loadfontgoodies[lm]

\startdocument
  [metadata:author=Hans Hagen,
   metadata:title=ecmascript in context lmtx,
   author=Hans Hagen,
   affiliation=PRAGMA ADE,
   location=Hasselt NL,
   title=\ECNASCRIPT\ in \CONTEXT\ \LMTX,
   support=www.contextgarden.net,
   website=www.pragma-ade.nl]

\starttext

\startMPpage
    StartPage;

        fill Page withcolor "darkgreen";

        draw textext.lrt("\tttf ECMA")
            xsized .75PaperWidth
            shifted ulcorner (Page enlarged -15mm )
            withcolor "white" ;

        draw textext.llft("\tttf SCRIPT")
            xsized .50PaperWidth
            shifted urcorner (Page enlarged -15mm topenlarged -70mm)
            withcolor "white" ;

        draw textext.llft("\tttf in context lmtx")
            xsized .50PaperWidth
            shifted urcorner (Page enlarged -15mm topenlarged -110mm)
            withcolor "white" ;

        draw textext.llft("\tttf using the optional mujs library")
            xsized .50PaperWidth
            shifted lrcorner (Page enlarged -15mm bottomenlarged -10mm)
            withcolor "white" ;

    StopPage;
\stopMPpage

\dontcomplain

% \startsubject[title=Contents]
%
% \placelist[section][alternative=a]
%
% \stopsubject

\startsection[title=Introduction]

When you use \CONTEXT\ there is no way around noticing that the \LUA\ scripting
language is an important component. When we progressed from \LUATEX\ to
\LUAMETATEX\ did didn't change. I like that language a lot! Among the reasons are
that it reminds me of \PASCAL, that it's clean, fast and well maintained. There
is no huge infrastructure involved, nor lots of libraries and therefore
dependencies.

So why bother about another scripting language? One can argue that because of the
World Wide Web one should use \JAVASCRIPT\ instead. It might make sense from a
commercial point of view, or for some promotional reason. But that all makes
little sense in the perspective of \CONTEXT. But, when I was playing with
optional libraries in \LUAMETATEX,

On and off I wonder if I should spend some time on adding \LUA\ annotation
support to the open source mupdf viewer. After all, it has some basic
\JAVASCRIPT\ support (but currently not enough, for instance it lacks control
over widgets and layers and such.) However, then I noticed that the related
\JAVASCRIPT\ code was actually an independent library and looking at the header
files it looked quite a bit like the \LUA\ interface. So, just for the fun of it I
gave it a try, and when doing so, I realized that having support for \JAVASCRIPT,
or actually \ECMASCRIPT, because that is what it is, could make users who are
afraid of \LUA\ willing to play with simple scripting in \CONTEXT. Of course,
after a while they will figure out that \LUA\ is the real deal.

Therefore, instead of sticking to an experiment, I decided to make support for
the \type {mujs} library an option. After all, every now and they we need
something new to play with. But be warned: it's an optional thing. The
interpreter is not embedded in the binary and is loaded on demand (when present).
In spite of that performance is quite okay.

\stopsection

\startsection[title=A few examples]

Because the provided interface is pretty limited, a few simple examples will do.
There are plenty of tutorials on the Internet. The main thing to keep in mind is
that an \ECMASCRIPT\ interpreter is normally pretty limited when it comes to
communicating with its environment. For instance, the main application provides
way to print something (to a console) or read from files. So, commands that
relate to this are specific for \LUAMETATEX. Before anything can be done you need
to load the (\type {mujs}) library, which is done with:

\starttyping
\usemodule[ecmascript]
\stoptyping

You can write a message to the log (or an output pane or console) with the \type
{console} function, one that normally is present in a \JAVASCRIPT\ (\ECMASCRIPT)
environment:

\starttyping
\ecmacode {console("Example Three!")}
\stoptyping

Printing something to the \TEX\ engine is done with this command:

\startbuffer
\ecmacode {texprint("Just a {\\bf short} sentence.")}
\stopbuffer

\typebuffer[option=TEX]

This produces:

\getbuffer

and is comparable with the \type {tex.print} (which prints lines) function at the
\LUA\ end. This means that there is also \type {texsprint} (which accumulates
parts into lines). In practice one will probably always use that one.

When there are two arguments, the first argument has to be a number and sets the
so called catcode table to be used.

\startbuffer
\ecmacode {texprint(catcodes.vrb,"Just a {\\bf short} sentence.")}
\stopbuffer

\typebuffer[option=TEX]

This results in a verbatim print: {\tttf \inlinebuffer} The backslash is just that,
a backslash and not a trigger for a \TEX\ command.

You can do pretty much everything with these print commands. Take for instance the
following example:

\startbuffer
\startecmacode
  console("We're doing some MetaPost!");
  texsprint(
      "\\startMPcode "
    + 'fill fullsquare xyscaled (6cm,1cm) withcolor "darkred";'
    + 'fill fullsquare xyscaled (4cm,1cm) withcolor "darkgreen";'
    + 'fill fullsquare xyscaled (2cm,1cm) withcolor "darkblue";'
    + "\\stopMPcode "
  );
\stopecmacode
\stopbuffer

\typebuffer[option=TEX]

This produces:

\startlinecorrection
\getbuffer
\stoplinecorrection

in \LUA\ we can do this:

\startbuffer
\startluacode
  context.startMPcode()
    context('fill fullsquare xyscaled (6cm,1cm) withcolor "middlecyan";')
    context('fill fullsquare xyscaled (4cm,1cm) withcolor "middlemagenta";')
    context('fill fullsquare xyscaled (2cm,1cm) withcolor "middleyellow";')
  context.stopMPcode()
\stopluacode
\stopbuffer

\typebuffer[option=TEX]

The result is the same but the code to produce it looks more like \CONTEXT, if
only because way more built in features are provided. It makes no sense to do
the same with another scripting language.

\startlinecorrection
\getbuffer
\stoplinecorrection

As mentioned, reading from files is to be provided by the main program and indeed
we do have some basic interface. Actually we delegate all to the \LUA\ end by
using a callback mechanism but users won't see these details. It suffices to know
that file lookups are done the same way as in the main program because we use the
same resolvers. One can (in the spirit of \ECMASCRIPT) open a file by creating a
new file object. After that one can read from the file and, when done, close it.

\startbuffer
\startecmacode
  var f = File("ecmascript-mkiv.tex","r");
  var l = f.read("*a");
  f.close();
  texprint(
      "This file has "
    + l.length // or: l.length.toString()
    + " bytes!"
  )
\stopecmacode
\stopbuffer

\typebuffer[option=TEX]

Which reports that: \quotation {\inlinebuffer} The arguments to the \type {read}
method are the same as in \LUA, so for instance \type {*a} reads the whole file,
\type {*l} a single line, and a number will read that many bytes. There is
currently no support for writing as I see no need for it (yet).

You can load an external file too.

\startluacode
io.savedata("ecmascript-demo-001.js",[[
function filesize(name) {
    var f = File(name,"r");
    if (f != undefined) {
        var l = f.read("*a");
        f.close();
        return l.length;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}
]])
\stopluacode

\startbuffer
\ecmafile{ecmascript-demo-001.js}
\stopbuffer

\typebuffer[option=TEX] \getbuffer

This file defines a function:

\typefile{ecmascript-demo-001.js}

We use this as follows:

\startbuffer
\startecmacode
  texsprint(
      "This file has "
    + filesize("ecmascript-mkiv.tex")
    + " bytes!"
  )
\stopecmacode
\stopbuffer

\typebuffer[option=TEX]

The result is the same as before: \quotation {\inlinebuffer} but by using a
predefined function we save ourselves some typing. Actually, a more efficient
variant is this:

\starttyping
function filesize(name) {
    var f = File(name,"r");
    if (f != undefined) {
        var l = f.seek("end");
        f.close();
        return l;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}
\stoptyping

As with the \type {read} method, the \type {seek} method behaves the same as
its \LUA\ counterpart, which is a good reason to have a look at the \LUA\
manual.

If you want you want also access the \ECMASCRIPT\ interpreter from the \LUA\ end,
not that it makes much sense, but maybe you have a lot of complex code that you
don't want to rewrite. Here is an example:

\startbuffer
\startluacode
  optional.loaded.mujs.execute [[
    var MyMax = 10; // an example of persistence
  ]]

  optional.loaded.mujs.execute [[
    texsprint("\\startpacked");
    for (var i = 1; i <= MyMax; i++) {
      texprint(
        "Here is some rather dumb math test: "
      + Math.sqrt(i/MyMax)
      + "!\\par"
      );
    }
    texsprint("\\stoppacked");
  ]]
\stopluacode
\stopbuffer

\typebuffer[option=TEX]

This assumes that you have loaded the module \type {ecmascript} which does the
necessary preparations. Watch the different ways to add comment and also watch
how we need to escape the \CONTEXT\ commands. Of course the syntax of both
languages is different too.

\getbuffer

For now there is not much more to tell. I might add a few features (and more
examples). And the low level optional interface is not yet declared stable but as
we wrap it in higher level commands no one will notice changes at that end.

\stopsection

\startsection[title=Extensions]

To summarize, for printing to \TEX\ we have:

\starttyping
texsprint([catcodetableid,]string|number)
\stoptyping

and

\starttyping
texprint(catcodetableid,]string|number)
\stoptyping

and for printing to the console:

\starttyping
console(string|number)
\stoptyping

A file is opened with:

\starttyping
var f = File.new(filename[,mode])
\stoptyping

and the returned file object has the methods:

\starttyping
var str = f:read([string|number])
var pos = f:seek(whence[,offset])
\stoptyping

There is a predefined table \type {catcodes} with sybolic entries
for:

\starttabulate
\NC \type {tex} \NC regular \TEX\ catcode regime       \NC \NR
\NC \type {ctx} \NC standard \CONTEXT\ catcode regime  \NC \NR
\NC \type {vrb} \NC verbatim catcode regime            \NC \NR
\NC \type {prt} \NC protected \CONTEXT\ catcode regime \NC \NR
\stoptabulate

\stopsection

\startsection[title=Colofon]

\starttabulate[|B|p|]
\NC author  \NC \documentvariable{author}, \documentvariable{affiliation}, \documentvariable{location} \NC \NR
\NC version \NC \currentdate \NC \NR
\NC website \NC \documentvariable{website} \endash\ \documentvariable{support} \NC \NR
\stoptabulate

\stopsection

\stopdocument
