## SQL

Welcome Gallery Handbook

Manual page for SQL(PL)

## `#sql [`option`]` sql command`[#endsql]`

## DESCRIPTION

This directive allows SQL code to be embedded in scripts, and submits the embedded SQL code to your database.``

For SQL SELECT commands, an option may be given; available options (described below) are `#load`, `#processrows`, and several variations of `#dump`. If no option is given, `#processrows` is the default.`` No option should be used with SQL INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.``

sql command may use a single line construct or a multi-line construct formatted as in examples 2 or 3 below. `#endsql` must be used to terminate a multi-line construct.``

For all SQL commands except SELECT, the status of the command execution will be available in the @_STATUS script variable (0 indicates success).``

Two separate SQL database connections are available. For connection 1, use #sql; for connection 2, use #sql2 instead of #sql (all other syntax is the same). When using the SQL functions the connection may be specified using the `dbc` parameter (see below).``

Using #sql in ploticus scripts

## EXAMPLES

Example 1:

  `#sql insert into transactions values ( "TR6824", 155.43, "K" )`

Example 2 shows the proper way to set up a multi-line construct:

       #sql
         update transactions
         set amount = 158.23, type = "P"
         where tracknum = "@TNUM"
       #endsql

Example 3 will load all retrieved fields as script variables.`` It uses the 2nd database connection.`` Query should retrieve one row.``

       #sql2 #load
         select * from people where people_id = @people_id
       #endsql

Example 4 is like above except written as a single line:

  `#sql2 #load select name as venue from venues where venue_id = @v`

## OPTIONS

For SQL SELECT commands that produce results, an option may be specified to specify how the results will be displayed or captured. If no option is given `#processrows` is performed.`` The options all begin with pound sign (#) to distinguish them from SQL command content.

#load

  The retrieved fields will be loaded as script variables.`` Query should retrieve one row; if it retrieves multiple rows the first one will be used.`` If the query got no results, the variables will be set to a zero length string ("").`` The following example would set script variables username and pw to the retrieved values:

       #sql #load
       select username, password as pw
        from users
        where session_id = "@SESS_ID"
       #endsql

#dumptab

  All rows of results will be streamed in tab-delimited format. Example:

       #sql #dumptab select prog_id, prog_name from proglist

#dumphtml

  All rows of results will be streamed in HTML table format. Example:

       #sql #dumphtml select * from venues

#dump

  All rows of results will be streamed with no automatic field separation.`` The SQL SELECT command must supply any necessary field separation.`` Example:

       #sql #dump select id, "	", lastname, ", ", firstname from people

#dumpsilent

  All rows of results will be retrieved then discarded. Used to get a count of the number of rows.`` Example:

       #sql #dumpsilent select * from venues
       #set N = $sqlrowcount()

#processrows

  Indicates that results will be retrieved and processed later one row at a time using the `$sqlrow()` function (see below).`` When processing rows, retrieved fields are available as script variables (if a name has an embedded periods (.) these are converted to underscores since script variable names cannot contain periods).`` Example:

       	#sql #processrows
       	  select meascode, measdesc, value from mstats
       	  where project_id = @PROJID
       	#endsql

       	// get the result rows..
       	#while $sqlrow = 0
       	  // access the fields as variables..
       	  #if @meascode like A*
       	    ... etc...

       	#endloop

## SQL-RELATED FUNCTIONS

There are several SQL-related functions.`` All of them take `dbc` as an optional first argument. `dbc` specifies the database connection.`` Two database connections are available. They are identified as `1` and `2`. If `dbc` is omitted, connection# `1` is assumed.``

$sqlrow( dbc )

  Retrieve next row of results. After this is called, result fields will be accessible by @name. NULL fields will be converted to "".`` Returns 0 to indicate success, 1 to indicate no row retrieved and no more rows, or an error code.``
  Example: `#call $sqlrow()`
  Example: `#call $sqlrow( 2 )`

$sqlrowcount( dbc )

  Return number of rows retrieved/affected by most recently executed sql command. The exact behavior of row count may depend on the type of database being used.

  With pocketSQL , the row count is available immediately after an #sql executes. This row count is exact except when SELECT is used with DISTINCT or LIMIT and result rows are retrieved individually using $sqlrow() in which case the count will be exact after all rows have been retrieved.``

  Example: `#if $sqlrowcount( ) == 0`
  Example: `#if $sqlrowcount( 2 ) == 0`

$sqlgetnames( dbc, outmode )

  Using the most recently submitted sql SELECT command, write result field names to standard output.`` outmode may be `dumptab` for tab delimited field names, or `dumphtml` for an html table row.`` Returns 0 to indicate success, or a non-zero error code.``
  Example: `#call $sqlgetnames( dumptab )`

$sqlprefix( dbc, prefix )

  Set a prefix to be prepended to all result field names retrieved by the next SELECT command. This may be used to prevent result field names from colliding with existing script variable names.`` Must be used after the #sql statement and before `$sqlrow()`.`` The prefix remains in effect for the current query only.``
  Example: `#call $sqlprefix( "s" )`

$sqlstripprefix( dbc, prefix )

  Indicates that prefix should be removed from the beginning of any result field name where it appears, for example to remove table name prefix from join results.`` Must be used after the #sql statement, and before `$sqlrow()`.`` Remains in effect for the current query only.``
  Example: `#call $sqlstripprefix( "people." )`

## NOTES

Interfaces to databases are implemented in `dbinterface.c`

#sql cannot be intermingled with #shell.``
data display engine
Copyright Steve Grubb

Markup created by unroff 1.0, `` `` September 17, 2001.