Bio::Ontology::Ontology(3)

NAME
Bio::Ontology::Ontology - standard implementation of an Ontology

SYNOPSIS
    use Bio::Ontology::Ontology;
    use Bio::Ontology::Term;

    # create ontology object
    my $ont = Bio::Ontology::Ontology->new(-name => "OBF");

    # add terms, relationships ...
    my $bp = Bio::Ontology::Term->new(-identifier => '02', -name => "Bioperl");
    my $obf = Bio::Ontology::Term->new(-identifier => '01', -name => "OBF");
    my $partof = Bio::Ontology::RelationshipType->get_instance("PART_OF");
    $ont->add_term($bp);
    $ont->add_term($obf);
    $ont->add_relationship($bp, $obf, $partof);

    # then query
    my @terms = $ont->get_root_terms(); # "OBF"
    my @desc = $ont->get_descendant_terms($terms[0], $partof); # "Bioperl"
    # ... see methods for other ways to query

    # for advanced users, you can re-use the query engine outside of an
    # ontology to let one instance manage multiple ontologies
    my $ont2 = Bio::Ontology::Ontology->new(-name => "Foundations",
                                            -engine => $ont->engine());

DESCRIPTION
This is a no-frills implementation of Bio::Ontology::OntologyI.

The query functions are implemented by delegation to an OntologyEngineI implementation.

FEEDBACK

  Mailing Lists
User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to the Bioperl mailing list. Your participation is much appreciated.

  bioperl-l@bioperl.org                  - General discussion
  http://bioperl.org/wiki/Mailing_lists  - About the mailing lists

  Support
Please direct usage questions or support issues to the mailing list:

bioperl-l@bioperl.org

rather than to the module maintainer directly. Many experienced and reponsive experts will be able look at the problem and quickly address it. Please include a thorough description of the problem with code and data examples if at all possible.

  Reporting Bugs
Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track of the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via the web:

  https://github.com/bioperl/bioperl-live/issues

AUTHOR - Hilmar Lapp
Email hlapp at gmx.net

APPENDIX
The rest of the documentation details each of the object methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _

  new
 Title   : new
 Usage   : my $obj = Bio::Ontology::Ontology->new();
 Function: Builds a new Bio::Ontology::Ontology object
 Returns : an instance of Bio::Ontology::Ontology
 Args    : any number of named arguments. The following names will be
           recognized by this module:

            -name         the name of the ontology
            -authority    the name of the authority for the ontology
            -identifier   an identifier for the ontology, if any
            -engine       the Bio::Ontology::OntologyEngineI
                          implementation that this instance should use;
                          default is Bio::Ontology::SimpleOntologyEngine

            See the corresponding get/set methods for further documentation
            on individual properties.

Methods from Bio::Ontology::OntologyI

  name
 Title   : name
 Usage   : $obj->name($newval)
 Function: Get/set the name of the ontology.
 Example :
 Returns : value of name (a scalar)
 Args    : on set, new value (a scalar or undef, optional)

  authority
 Title   : authority
 Usage   : $obj->authority($newval)
 Function: Get/set the authority for this ontology, for instance the
           DNS base for the organization granting the name of the
           ontology and identifiers for the terms.

           This attribute is optional and should not generally
           expected by applications to have been set. It is here to
           follow the rules for namespaces, which ontologies serve as
           for terms.

 Example :
 Returns : value of authority (a scalar)
 Args    : on set, new value (a scalar or undef, optional)

  definition
 Title   : definition
 Usage   : $obj->definition($newval)
 Function: Get/set a descriptive definition of the ontology.
 Example :
 Returns : value of definition (a scalar)
 Args    : on set, new value (a scalar or undef, optional)

  identifier
 Title   : identifier
 Usage   : $id = $obj->identifier()
 Function: Get an identifier for this ontology.

           This is primarily intended for look-up purposes. The value
           is not modifiable and is determined automatically by the
           implementation.  Also, the identifier's uniqueness will only
           hold within the scope of a particular application's run
           time since it is derived from a memory location.

 Example :
 Returns : value of identifier (a scalar)
 Args    :

  close
 Title   : close
 Usage   :
 Function: Release any resources this ontology may occupy. In order
           to efficiently release unused memory or file handles, you
           should call this method once you are finished with an
           ontology.

 Example :
 Returns : TRUE on success and FALSE otherwise
 Args    : none

Implementation-specific public methods

  engine
 Title   : engine
 Usage   : $engine = $obj->engine()
 Function: Get/set the ontology engine to which all the query methods
           delegate.
 Example :
 Returns : an object implementing Bio::Ontology::OntologyEngineI
 Args    : on set, new value (an object implementing
           Bio::Ontology::OntologyEngineI, or  undef)

See Bio::Ontology::OntologyEngineI.

Methods defined in Bio::Ontology::OntologyEngineI

  add_term
 Title   : add_term
 Usage   : add_term(TermI term): TermI
 Function: Adds TermI object to the ontology engine term store

           If the ontology property of the term object was not set,
           this implementation will set it to itself upon adding the
           term.

 Example : $oe->add_term($term)
 Returns : its argument.
 Args    : object of class TermI.

  add_relationship
 Title   : add_relationship
 Usage   : add_relationship(RelationshipI relationship): RelationshipI
           add_relatioship(TermI subject, TermI predicate, TermI object)
 Function: Adds a relationship object to the ontology engine.
 Example :
 Returns : Its argument.
 Args    : A RelationshipI object.

  get_relationship_type
 Title   : get_relationship_type
 Usage   : get_relationship_type(scalar): RelationshipTypeI
 Function: Get a relationshiptype object from the ontology engine.
 Example :
 Returns : A RelationshipTypeI object.
 Args    : The name (scalar) of the RelationshipTypeI object desired.

  get_relationships
 Title   : get_relationships
 Usage   : get_relationships(TermI term): RelationshipI[]
 Function: Retrieves all relationship objects in the ontology, or all
           relationships of a given term.
 Example :
 Returns : Array of Bio::Ontology::RelationshipI objects
 Args    : Optionally, a Bio::Ontology::TermI compliant object

  get_predicate_terms
 Title   : get_predicate_terms
 Usage   : get_predicate_terms(): TermI
 Function: Retrieves all relationship types.
 Example :
 Returns : Array of TermI objects
 Args    :

  get_child_terms
 Title   : get_child_terms
 Usage   : get_child_terms(TermI term, TermI predicate_terms): TermI
 Function: Retrieves all child terms of a given term, that satisfy a
           relationship among those that are specified in the second
           argument or undef otherwise. get_child_terms is a special
           case of get_descendant_terms, limiting the search to the
           direct descendants.

           Note that a returned term may possibly be in another
           ontology than this one, because the underlying engine may
           manage multiple ontologies and the relationships of terms
           between them. If you only want descendants within this
           ontology, you need to filter the returned array.

 Example :
 Returns : Array of TermI objects.
 Args    : First argument is the term of interest, second is the list
           of relationship type terms.

  get_descendant_terms
 Title   : get_descendant_terms
 Usage   : get_descendant_terms(TermI term, TermI rel_types): TermI
 Function: Retrieves all descendant terms of a given term, that
           satisfy a relationship among those that are specified in
           the second argument or undef otherwise.

           Note that a returned term may possibly be in another
           ontology than this one, because the underlying engine may
           manage multiple ontologies and the relationships of terms
           between them. If you only want descendants within this
           ontology, you need to filter the returned array.

 Example :
 Returns : Array of TermI objects.
 Args    : First argument is the term of interest, second is the list
           of relationship type terms.

  get_parent_terms
 Title   : get_parent_terms
 Usage   : get_parent_terms(TermI term, TermI predicate_terms): TermI
 Function: Retrieves all parent terms of a given term, that satisfy a
           relationship among those that are specified in the second
           argument or undef otherwise. get_parent_terms is a special
           case of get_ancestor_terms, limiting the search to the
           direct ancestors.

           Note that a returned term may possibly be in another
           ontology than this one, because the underlying engine may
           manage multiple ontologies and the relationships of terms
           between them. If you only want descendants within this
           ontology, you need to filter the returned array.

 Example :
 Returns : Array of TermI objects.
 Args    : First argument is the term of interest, second is the list
           of relationship type terms.

  get_ancestor_terms
 Title   : get_ancestor_terms
 Usage   : get_ancestor_terms(TermI term, TermI predicate_terms): TermI
 Function: Retrieves all ancestor terms of a given term, that satisfy
           a relationship among those that are specified in the second
           argument or undef otherwise.

           Note that a returned term may possibly be in another
           ontology than this one, because the underlying engine may
           manage multiple ontologies and the relationships of terms
           between them. If you only want descendants within this
           ontology, you need to filter the returned array.

 Example :
 Returns : Array of TermI objects.
 Args    : First argument is the term of interest, second is the list
           of relationship type terms.

  get_leaf_terms
 Title   : get_leaf_terms
 Usage   : get_leaf_terms(): TermI
 Function: Retrieves all leaf terms from the ontology. Leaf term is a
           term w/o descendants.

 Example : @leaf_terms = $obj->get_leaf_terms()
 Returns : Array of TermI objects.
 Args    :

  get_root_terms()
 Title   : get_root_terms
 Usage   : get_root_terms(): TermI
 Function: Retrieves all root terms from the ontology. Root term is a
           term w/o parents.

 Example : @root_terms = $obj->get_root_terms()
 Returns : Array of TermI objects.
 Args    :

  get_all_terms
 Title   : get_all_terms
 Usage   : get_all_terms: TermI
 Function: Retrieves all terms from the ontology.

           We do not mandate an order here in which the terms are
           returned. In fact, the default implementation will return
           them in unpredictable order.

 Example : @terms = $obj->get_all_terms()
 Returns : Array of TermI objects.
 Args    :

  find_terms
 Title   : find_terms
 Usage   : ($term) = $oe->find_terms(-identifier => "SO:0000263");
 Function: Find term instances matching queries for their attributes.

           An implementation may not support querying for arbitrary
           attributes, but can generally be expected to accept
           -identifier and -name as queries. If both are provided,
           they are implicitly intersected.

 Example :
 Returns : an array of zero or more Bio::Ontology::TermI objects
 Args    : Named parameters. The following parameters should be recognized
           by any implementations:

              -identifier    query by the given identifier
              -name          query by the given name

  find_identical_terms
 Title   : find_identical_terms
 Usage   : ($term) = $oe->find_identical_terms($term0);
 Function: Find term instances where name or synonym
           matches the query exactly
 Example :
 Returns : an array of zero or more Bio::Ontology::TermI objects
 Args    : a Bio::Ontology::TermI object

  find_similar_terms
 Title   : find_similar_terms
 Usage   : ($term) = $oe->find_similar_terms($term0);
 Function: Find term instances where name or synonym, or part of one,
           matches the query.
 Example :
 Returns : an array of zero or more Bio::Ontology::TermI objects
 Args    : a Bio::Ontology::TermI object

  find_identically_named_terms
 Title   : find_identically_named_terms
 Usage   : ($term) = $oe->find_identically_named_terms($term0);
 Function: Find term instances where names match the query term
           name exactly
 Example :
 Returns : an array of zero or more Bio::Ontology::TermI objects
 Args    : a Bio::Ontology::TermI object

Factory for relationships and terms

  relationship_factory
 Title   : relationship_factory
 Usage   : $fact = $obj->relationship_factory()
 Function: Get (and set, if the engine supports it) the object
           factory to be used when relationship objects are created by
           the implementation on-the-fly.

 Example :
 Returns : value of relationship_factory (a Bio::Factory::ObjectFactoryI
           compliant object)
 Args    :

  term_factory
 Title   : term_factory
 Usage   : $fact = $obj->term_factory()
 Function: Get (and set, if the engine supports it) the object
           factory to be used when term objects are created by
           the implementation on-the-fly.

 Example :
 Returns : value of term_factory (a Bio::Factory::ObjectFactoryI
           compliant object)
 Args    :

  annotation
 Title   : annotation
 Usage   : $annos = $obj->annotation()
 Function: Get/Set the Bio::Annotation::Collection object
           The collection contains Bio::Annotation::SimpleValue
           objects to store header information like the version
           and date present in the header section of an Ontology
           file.

 Example :
 Returns : value of annotation (a Bio::Annotation::Collection
           compliant object)
 Args    : A Bio::Annotation::Collection object (Optional)