NAME
od —
octal, decimal, hex, ascii
dump
SYNOPSIS
od |
[-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx]
[-A base]
[-j skip]
[-N
length]
[-t
type_string]
[[+]offset [.][Bb]]
[file ...] |
DESCRIPTION
The
od utility is a filter which displays each specified
file, or the standard input if no
file arguments are specified, in a user specified
format.
The options are as follows:
-
-
- -A
base
- Specify the input address base. base
may be one of ‘
d
’,
‘o
’,
‘x
’ or
‘n
’, which specify decimal, octal,
hexadecimal addresses or no address, respectively.
-
-
- -a
- One-byte character display. Display the
input offset in octal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column,
space-filled, characters of input data per line. Control characters are
printed as their names instead of as C-style escapes.
-
-
- -B
- Same as -o.
-
-
- -b
- One-byte octal display. Display the input
offset in octal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column,
zero-filled, bytes of input data, in octal, per line. This is the default
output style if no other is selected.
-
-
- -c
- One-byte character display. Display the
input offset in octal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column,
space-filled, characters of input data per line. Control characters are
printed at C-style escapes, or as three octal digits, if no C escape
exists for the character.
-
-
- -d
- Two-byte decimal display. Display the
input offset in octal, followed by eight space-separated, five column,
zero-filled, two-byte units of input data, in unsigned decimal, per
line.
-
-
- -e
- Eight-byte floating point display.
Display the input offset in octal, followed by two space-separated,
twenty-one column, space filled, eight byte units of input data, in
floating point, per line.
-
-
- -F
- Same as -e.
-
-
- -f
- Four-byte floating point display. Display
the input offset in octal, followed by four space-separated, 14 column,
space filled, four byte units of input data, in floating point, per
line.
-
-
- -H
- Four-byte hex display. Display the input
offset in octal, followed by four space-separated, eight column, zero
filled, four byte units of input data, in hex, per line.
-
-
- -h
- Two-byte hex display. Display the input
offset in octal, followed by eight space-separated, four column, zero
filled, two byte units of input data, in hex, per line.
-
-
- -I
- Four-byte decimal display. Display the
input offset in octal, followed by four space-separated, eleven column,
space filled, four byte units of input data, in decimal, per line.
-
-
- -i
- Two-byte decimal display. Display the
input offset in octal, followed by eight space-separated, six column,
space filled, two-byte units of input data, in decimal, per line.
-
-
- -j
skip
- Skip skip bytes from the beginning of
the input. By default, skip is interpreted as a
decimal number. With a leading 0x or
0X, skip is interpreted as a
hexadecimal number; otherwise, with a leading 0,
skip is interpreted as an octal number. Appending
the character b, k, or
m to skip causes it to be
interpreted as a multiple of
512
,
1024
, or 1048576
,
respectively.
-
-
- -L
- Same as -I.
-
-
- -l
- Same as -I.
-
-
- -N
length
- Interpret only length bytes of
input.
-
-
- -O
- Four-byte octal display. Display the
input offset in octal, followed by four space-separated, eleven column,
zero-filled, four-byte units of input data, in octal, per line.
-
-
- -o
- Two-byte octal display. Display the input
offset in octal, followed by eight space-separated, six column,
zero-filled, two-byte units of input data, in octal, per line.
-
-
- -t
type_string
- Specify one or more output types. The
type_string option-argument must be a string specifying
the types to be used when writing the input data. The string must consist
of the type specification characters:
a selects US-ASCII output, with control characters
replaced with their names instead of as C escape sequences. See also the
_u conversion provided by
hexdump(1).
c selects a standard character based conversion. See also
the _c conversion provided by
hexdump(1).
f selects the floating point output format. This type
character can be optionally followed by the characters 4
or F to specify four byte floating point output, or
8 or L to specify eight byte floating
point output. The default output format is eight byte floats. See also the
e conversion provided by
hexdump(1).
d, o, u, or
x select decimal, octal, unsigned decimal, or hex output
respectively. These types can optionally be followed by
C to specify char-sized output,
S to specify short-sized output,
I to specify int-sized output,
L to specify long-sized output,
1 to specify one-byte output, 2 to
specify two-byte output, 4 to specify four-byte output,
or 8 to specify eight-byte output. The default output
format is in four-byte quantities. See also the d,
o, u, and x
conversions provided by
hexdump(1).
-
-
- -v
- The -v option causes od
to display all input data. Without the -v option, any
number of groups of output lines, which would be identical to the
immediately preceding group of output lines (except for the input
offsets), are replaced with a line comprised of a single asterisk
(‘*’).
-
-
- -X
- Same as -H.
-
-
- -x
- Same as -h.
For each input file,
od sequentially copies the input to
standard output, transforming the data according to the options given. If no
options are specified, the default display is equivalent to specifying the
-o option.
EXIT STATUS
The
od utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an
error occurs.
SEE ALSO
hexdump(1),
strings(1)
HISTORY
An
od command appeared in
Version 1
AT&T UNIX.
This man page was initially written in February 2001 by Andrew Brown, shortly
after he augmented the deprecated
od syntax to include
things he felt had been missing for a long time.